|
Ivan Vedar ((ブルガリア語:Иван Ведър)), born Danail Nikolov, a.k.a. Yani Ingiliz, Johny English, Ovanes Efendi (equivalents of the name ''Ivan''), Denkooglu (after ''Deniu'', ''Danail''), was born in Razgrad, present-day Bulgaria in 1827. He is often referred to as the founder of freemasonry in Bulgaria.〔 〕〔 〕 He was proficient in many Indo-European languages, Latin, and various Arabic dialects. == Biography == During Danail's early years, his father, the architect Karastoyan, was requested to build a house for a local Turk, an important person. (Bulgaria was under Ottoman rule then.) The requester refused to pay, a row flared up with knives taken out, and, in order to save his father, Danail killed the Turk. What followed was a change of his name and life under cover. He studied in a college in Malta, where he picked up many languages, he worked as a sailor on an English ship, travelling between London and Melbourne, he was an interpreter in Turkish institutions in Tsarigrad, he taught languages in İzmir to the sons of Turkish notables (including Midhat Pasha). During the Crimean war he travelled over Black Sea harbours, possibly as a Russian spy. He continued his studies in the medical school in Bucharest, where he got his pseudonym ''Vedriy'' or ''Vedar'' (meaning ''cheerful'') from the professors Dr Peter Protić and Dr Georgi Atanasović, because of his easy-going temper. In 1863 in the Tsarigrad branch of ''Oriental Lodge'' he was initiated into masonry. He managed to reach the 33rd degree, the last one, according to the ''Old and Accepted Scottish Rite''. An even more colourful lifestyle followed — he worked on the first Bulgarian railway Rousse–Varna, then as a trade representative in Manchester, he married the daughter of a respected architect from Rousse, he taught at Robert College, he was a correspondent for different European newspapers. Midhat Pasha appointed him a "secretary of the external correspondence", which lets him frequently keep in touch with foreign diplomats. He provided financial aid to some uprisings and the revolutionary movement in Rousse, among whose members he had already established friendly relations. He interceded for Zahari Stoyanov to become a librarian in the Zora cultural club. His lobbying lifted off the decision of Delaver Pasha to massacre a great part of the population in Rousse in 1877. After the Liberation of Bulgaria, Ivan Vedar installed the first Bulgarian regular masonic lodge ''Balkan Star'' ((フランス語:Etoile des Balkans)) in Rousse in 1880, among whose members are Nikola Obretenov, Zahari Stoyanov, Ilarion Dragostinov, Toma Kardzhiev, and which was visited incognito by the king-to-be Alexander Batenberg. Later, new lodges were founded in Varna (where the first ''Great lodge'' was located for a short time), Sofia, and some other cities, but in 1887 Vedar was forced to "put asleep" all lodges, because of the danger that their activity gets spoiled by political and interpersonal struggles, so common in the young and inexperienced country. In the end of his life, he assigned all of his property to the state, saying he had given enough to his children — education and upbringing. The bones of Ivan Vedar were moved to the Pantheon of National Revival Heroes, and a monument in his honour was put nearby. Modern masonic organisations in Bulgaria issue a medal with his name. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ivan Vedar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|